مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان
پیاپی 119 (پاییز 1400)

 Obesity is a chronic metabolic disease that has become an epidemic today. 

Although the effects of obesity on the body have been well studied, less is known about obesity and eye health.
Methods The present article is a review study. The search was performed using keywords of obesity and eye diseases in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science databases from 2000 to 2021. 

 Obesity is a significant public health problem, and its impact on eye health is increasing. So far, the association of obesity with dry eye, cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy has been reported with varying degrees of certainty.

 If weight loss as a complementary treatment proves to be an effective way of delaying the onset or slowing the progression of eye diseases in obese people, physicians and patients are more likely to be more motivated to combat this public health problem.

 Diabetes is a common and non-communicable disease that is on the rise around the world due to the lifestyle and eating habits of people. Long-term complications of diabetes include retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiac symptoms, genitourinary symptoms, sexual symptoms, and cerebrovascular events. Based on the numerous studies to reduce the complications of diabetes, exercise and medicinal plants (due to not having the side effects of synthetic drugs) are the most important strategies to control blood glucose and hyperlipidemia; however, the simultaneous impact of these two interventions has recently been considered by researchers. Therefore, it seems necessary to review these studies in the field of sports nutrition and use these two interventions at the same time.

This study aimed to review the effects of consuming 10 medicinal plants simultaneously with exercise.
Methods We searched all databases, especially Web of Science, PubMed, SID, Magiran, with relevant keywords, such as "medicinal plant", "anti-diabetic component", "exercise", "training", "glycemic index", and "lipid profile", without time limit. The articles were then categorized based on exercise and herbs on carbohydrates and lipids metabolism.

 According to the studies conducted in the databases, 564 articles related to exercise and medicinal plants were observed. However, according to the inclusion criteria (dealing with physical activity, medicinal plants, and also diabetes), 34 articles related to the effects of exercises and medicinal plants in diabetes status were selected. Among the obtained studies, 10 medicinal plants, most of which were studied simultaneously with exercises, were examined. The results showed that medicinal plants, with their antioxidant activity and mechanisms related to stimulating insulin secretion, control hyperlipidemia. They act along with exercise activities depending on the type, intensity, and duration and increase the body's antioxidant activity and glucose consumption in muscle via non-insulin-dependent pathways in diabetic conditions.

 It seems that due to the challenging nature of the exercise intervention, using plant antioxidants along with physical activity will lead to improved metabolic parameters in diabetic patients. However, to confirm the safety of consumption, besides examining the therapeutic effects of plants and their active compounds, their toxicity should also be investigated. Also, the small number of samples, failure to follow the long-term effects of simultaneous use of medical plants and exercise, and lack of precise diet control in human samples are limitations of this study. So conducting human studies in this area with caution and deleting the overcoming limitations is necessary for future research.

 Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is the most common form of anemia. Understanding the relationship between IDA and hearing loss may provide new insights into managing hearing loss.
Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between IDA and hearing loss in women aged 12-45 years referred to Amir Al-Momenin and Al-Zahra hospitals in Rasht City, Iran.

 In this case-control study, 315 women aged 12-45 years with IDA and without IDA were included. Study groups were matched by age. The amount of hemoglobin (based on the last blood test in the past month) of the subjects was measured and recorded. IDA was considered when the hemoglobin level was less than 12 mg/dL. Audiometry was performed for all participants.

 In total, 169 individuals in the case group and 146 individuals in the control group participated in the study. The mean±SD hemoglobin level in the case and control groups were 10.9±1.36 and 12.67±1.47 mg/dL, respectively. There were higher hearing thresholds in low and high frequencies among the case group than the controls (P=0.002 and P=0.032, respectively). Logistic regression analysis after age adjusting showed odds of abnormal Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) in the frequencies of 750 Hz and 1000 Hz more than 2 times in women with IDA compared to controls (OR= 2.21, P= 0.006 and OR= 2.40, P= 0.020, respectively).

 The study results showed a significant negative relationship between IDA and mean hearing threshold. Because of the high prevalence of IDA in women, this group may be at greater risk of hearing loss.

 Radiotherapy is one of the cancer treatment methods. Although radioresistance and normal tissue toxicity limit the radiation therapy in certain anatomical locations, using some substances can be useful to increase radiosensitivity on cancer cells without cytotoxicity effect on normal cells.

 This study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of tolmetin in radiotherapy treatment on human colon cancer cell line HT-29.
Methods In this study, human colon cancer cells HT-29 in different groups were irradiated with 4 Gy x-ray, and tolmetin was administered in different concentrations (75, 100, and 150 μM). Then, the groups were compared with each other and with the control group by Micronucleus Assay (MN) and Nuclear Division Index (NDI). NDI investigated the cytotoxicity, and MN indicated the genotoxicity.

 In the group receiving radiation, micronuclei increased significantly compared to the control group. In the group receiving tolmetin with a concentration of 75 and 100 μM, the number of micronuclei also increased compared to the control group. In all groups treated with tolmetin that also received radiation, a significant increase in micronuclei was observed, which was more noticeable at concentrations of 100 and 150 μM. At the same time, tolmetin at the studied concentrations did not change the NDI index.

 The present study demonstrates that tolmetin has a radiosensitizing effect on HT-29 colon cancer cells, which depends on the tolmetin concentration. In addition, tolmetin has no cytotoxic effect on this cell line.

 Recently, researchers have considered extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs), as one of the non-invasive therapies, in the treatment of many severe neurological disorders, including Alzheimer Disease (AD). AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain. However, the increase in microglial cells increases phagocytosis and the destruction of amyloid plaques. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the amount of β-amyloid precursor deposition and the number of microglia cells in the animal model of AD before and after exposure to ELF-EMFs. 

 The aim of this study was to investigate the deposition of beta ameloid precursor and the number of microglial cells in the Alzheimer's animal model before and after exposure to magnetic waves.

 Fifty male adult rats were randomly grouped into 5: The control group, the ELF-EMFs group, the AD group, the treatment group 1, and the treatment group 2. After the study period, the animals were killed for immunohistochemistry assessment to detect and compare the deposition of β-amyloid and the production of allograft inflammatory factor 1  (Iba1) protein.

 Exposure to ELF reduced the deposition of β-amyloid and increased microglia cells. However, these changes were not different between the control and ELF-EMFs groups (P<0.001).

 ELF-EMF can reduce the formation of β-amyloid plaques and induce the proliferation of microglia cells. Therefore, they can be used to treat brain damage caused by Alzheimer disease.

 Sleep and seizures can affect each other in different ways. Meanwhile, sleep disorders are among the most frequent complaints of patients with epileptic and non-epileptic seizures, with various health outcomes.
Objective This study aimed to investigate the psychological symptoms and clinical indicators in patients with/without sleepiness with epileptic/non-epileptic seizures.

 The present study was a fundamental and descriptive (causal-comparative) research. The study population included all patients with epileptic seizures (temporal and generalized) and non-epileptic psychogenic seizures in Shiraz City, Iran. A total of 68 patients (in two groups with sleepiness and without sleepiness) were selected by the purposive sampling method. The study data were collected using the clinical and demographic inventory, Stanford sleepiness scale, Beck depression and anxiety inventory, perceived stress, mood disorder, bipolar spectrum diagnostic scale, global assessment of the severity of epilepsy, and global assessment of disability-related directly to seizures. The obtained data were analyzed by univariate analysis of covariance, Fisher exact test, and Mann–Whitney U test.

 Analyses showed that patients with seizures who had sleepiness reported higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress than patients without sleepiness (P<0.05). Also, patients with sleepiness suffer more than their counterparts from the symptoms of bipolar disorder I and II and assess the severity of disease and disability resulting from seizures as worse (P<0.05).

 Sleepiness in patients with epileptic and non-epileptic seizures is associated with increased psychological symptoms and disease severity.

 COVID-19 pandemic has adverse psychosocial effects on families around the world. This pandemic is important as women are more responsible for the health care issues of their families.

 This study aimed to examine the relationship of cognitive-emotional regulation and sense of meaning in the perceived stress caused by the COVID-19 among female students.

 This research is analytical, cross-sectional. Using convenience sampling process, 100 female students from Islamic Azad University, Lahijan Branch, Lahijan City, Iran, were selected in May 2020. The data were collected using cognitive-emotional regulation, the meaning of life, and perceived stress questionnaires. Then, the obtained data were analyzed by the Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression (backward computation) with SPSS version 20.

 According to the correlational analysis, there were negative significant relationships between perceived stress and some of cognitive-emotional regulation’s subscales, such as reassessment (r= -0.226, P=0.005) the presence of meaning (r= -0.341, P=0.001) and the sense of meaning (r= -0.211, P=0.005). Also, there were positive significant relationships between perceived stress and acceptance (r=0.175, P=0.005) and blaming others (r= -0.236, P=0.001) and thought rumination (r= -0.224, P=0.001). Based on regression analysis result, the presence of meaning, reassessment and blaming others can explain 22% of changes in perceived stress (P<0.001).

 Based on the study's findings, using strategies for cognitive-emotional regulation and maintaining a sense of meaning in life can reduce the intensity of psychological burden in stressful situations.